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Principal Chief is today the title of the chief executives of the Cherokee Nation, of the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians, and of the United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee Indians, the three federally recognized tribes of Cherokee. In the eighteenth century, when the people were organized by clans and towns, they would appoint a leader for negotiations with the Europeans. They called him ''Uku'', or "First Beloved Man". The title of "Principal Chief" was created in 1794 when the Cherokee began to formalize a centralized political structure, forming the original Cherokee Nation. The Cherokee Nation–East adopted a written constitution in 1827, creating a government with three branches: legislative, executive, and judicial. The Principal Chief was elected by the National Council, which was the legislature of the Nation. The Cherokee Nation–West adopted a similar constitution in 1833. The reunited nation adopted one constitution in 1839. In 1868, the Eastern Band created a separate and distinct constitution and formalized the position of Principal Chief. The position had existed in the east since the time of ''Yonaguska''. In 1906, the US government dismantled the Cherokee Nation's governmental structure under the Dawes Act (except for allowing the tribe to retain limited authority to deal with remaining land issues, which lasted until June 1914).〔Conley, p. 198〕 Following passage of the federal Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 and the Oklahoma Indian Welfare Act of 1936, the Keetoowah Nighthawk Society organized in 1939 as the United Keetoowah Band. The Bureau of Indian Affairs approved their constitution in 1940. The president began appointing a Principal Chief for the non-UKB Cherokee in 1941. In 1975, these Cherokee drafted their constitution as the Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma, which was ratified on June 26, 1976.〔("Constitution of the Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma." ) ''University of Oklahoma Law Center.'' (retrieved 16 Jan 2010)〕 In 1999, they approved several changes to the constitution, including the removal of the qualifying phrase "of Oklahoma" from their name, leaving it simply "Cherokee Nation". ==Early leaders== Before 1794, the Cherokee had no standing national government. Their structure was based on clans and towns, which had various leaders. The clans had functions within each town and the tribe. The towns appointed some leaders to represent the tribe to British, French, and (later) American authorities. The range of aboriginal titles were usually translated into English as "chief." The term "emperor" is placed in quotes, since this title was created by Sir Alexander Cuming and was not accepted by the tribe as a whole.〔Conley 16〕 * Outacite (d. 1729), peace chief, signed a 1720 treaty with Governor Nicholson, ''outacite'' is actually his title〔 * Charitey Hagey of Tugaloo (1716–1721) * Long Warrior of Tanasi (1729–1730) * Wrosetasetow, "emperor" of the Cherokees until 1730;〔 real title was Ama-edohi or "water-goer",〔Conley 17〕 served as a trade commissioner〔 * Moytoy of Tellico (also known as Ama-edohi);〔 (d. 1741),〔Conley 18〕 declared "emperor" by the British from 1730〔Timberlake and King xvii〕 until 1741,〔Conley 57〕 real title was Ama-edohi or "water-goer"〔 * Attakullakulla (or "Little Carpenter", Ada-gal'kala, Attacullaculla, Oukou-naka)〔 (1708/1711〔–1780〔Fowler xiii〕), white peace chief from Echota〔 recognized as primary chief by the British,〔 or "president of the nation" from 1762 to 1778〔 * Amouskositte (or Ammouskossittee, Amascossite, Ammonscossittee, Amosgasite, "Dreadfulwater")〔 of Great Tellico (b. ca. 1728), served as "emperor" from 1741–1753,〔 son of Moytoy * Old Hop (or Guhna-gadoga,〔Conley 168〕 Kanagatucko, and "Standing Turkey")〔(1753–1756),〔Conley 168〕 war chief from Echota; either Ammouskossitte's uncle〔 or father.〔 * Moytoy of Citico (or Amo-adaw-ehi), war chief during the Anglo-Cherokee War (1759–1761), nephew of the Moytoy of Tellico.〔Brown, John P. ("Eastern Cherokee Chiefs." ) ''Chronicles of Oklahoma.'' Vol. 16, No. 1. March 1938. Retrieved 1 Jan 2013.〕 * Uka Ulah (also Ukah Ulah)〔 (d. 1761), "emperor;" nephew of Old Hop,〔 * Stalking Turkey (or Cunne Shote), traveled to England in 1762 with Henry Timberlake〔〔Conley 222〕 * Outacite of Keowee (ca. 1703–ca. 1780) (also known as "Judd's Friend",〔 Outacity, Outassite, Outacite, Outassatah, Wootasite, Wrosetasetow,〔Conley 172〕 Ostenaco, Outassete,〔Conley 171〕 Scyacust Ukah) traveled to England in 1762 with Henry Timberlake〔Morand et al 29〕 chief * Oconostota (also known as Ogan'sto', "Groundhog Sausage") (1712–1781), red war chief of Echota,〔Conley, "Encyclopedia," 168-9〕 served entire tribe from 1778–1785,〔 * Savanukah of Chota (1781–1783) * Old Tassel (or "Corntassel," "Tassel," Kaiyatahee) (d. 1788),〔 peace chief from Echota,〔 served from 1783–1788〔 * Raven of Chota (or Colonah), war chief; nephew of Oconostota〔 * Little Turkey, served from 1788–1794〔 * * opposed by Hanging Maw (or Scolaguta),〔 served 1788–1794 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Principal Chiefs of the Cherokee」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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